Когда требуется узнать информацию о домене, можно воспользоваться локальными утилитами для диагностики его DNS-записей.
Рассмотрим запросы общей информации по доменам.
Получить общую информацию по домену в Dig
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Результат запроса:
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| dig google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.18.24-1-Debian <<>> google.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19217
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4000
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com. 112 IN A 173.194.222.101
google.com. 112 IN A 173.194.222.139
google.com. 112 IN A 173.194.222.113
google.com. 112 IN A 173.194.222.138
google.com. 112 IN A 173.194.222.100
google.com. 112 IN A 173.194.222.102
;; Query time: 4 msec
;; SERVER: 172.16.18.22#53(172.16.18.22) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 15 09:14:51 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 135
|
Где:
;; SERVER: 172.16.18.22#53(172.16.18.22) (UDP)
- сервер DNS, с которого пришёл ответ.
Получить общую информацию по домену в Drill
:
Результат запроса:
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| drill google.com
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, rcode: NOERROR, id: 45117
;; flags: qr rd ra ; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;; google.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com. 184 IN A 216.58.210.142
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
;; Query time: 3 msec
;; SERVER: 10.1.0.1
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 27 17:41:27 2024
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 44
|
Где:
;; SERVER: 172.16.18.22#53(172.16.18.22) (UDP)
- сервер DNS, с которого пришёл ответ.
Получить общую информацию по домену в NSLookUp
:
Результат запроса:
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| nslookup google.com
Server: 172.16.18.22
Address: 172.16.18.22#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: google.com
Address: 173.194.222.138
Name: google.com
Address: 173.194.222.101
Name: google.com
Address: 173.194.222.100
Name: google.com
Address: 173.194.222.102
Name: google.com
Address: 173.194.222.113
Name: google.com
Address: 173.194.222.139
Name: google.com
Address: 2a00:1450:4010:c0b::71
Name: google.com
Address: 2a00:1450:4010:c0b::66
Name: google.com
Address: 2a00:1450:4010:c0b::64
Name: google.com
Address: 2a00:1450:4010:c0b::65
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Где:
Server: 172.16.18.22
- сервер DNS, с которого пришёл ответ.
В отдельных случаях требуется получить информацию по конкретным DNS-записям домена.
Получить информацию по MX-записи домена в Dig
:
Результат запроса:
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| dig mx google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.18.24-1-Debian <<>> mx google.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 61308
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 10
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4000
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com. IN MX
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com. 300 IN MX 10 smtp.google.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
smtp.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.161.26
smtp.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.162.27
smtp.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.163.26
smtp.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.163.27
smtp.google.com. 300 IN A 173.194.220.26
smtp.google.com. 300 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:4010:c01::1b
smtp.google.com. 300 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:4010:c05::1b
smtp.google.com. 300 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:4010:c06::1a
smtp.google.com. 300 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:4010:c06::1b
;; Query time: 48 msec
;; SERVER: 172.16.18.22#53(172.16.18.22) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 15 09:17:29 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 252
|
Где:
google.com. 300 IN MX 10 smtp.google.com.
- MX-запись домена google.com
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Получить информацию по MX-записи домена в Drill
:
Результат запроса:
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| drill mx google.com
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, rcode: NOERROR, id: 51703
;; flags: qr rd ra ; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 5
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;; google.com. IN MX
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com. 30 IN MX 10 smtp.google.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
smtp.google.com. 30 IN A 142.250.150.27
smtp.google.com. 30 IN A 64.233.161.27
smtp.google.com. 30 IN A 64.233.161.26
smtp.google.com. 30 IN A 64.233.162.27
smtp.google.com. 30 IN A 142.250.150.26
;; Query time: 4 msec
;; SERVER: 10.1.0.1
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 27 17:41:53 2024
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 136
|
Где:
google.com. 300 IN MX 10 smtp.google.com.
- MX-запись домена google.com
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Получить информацию по MX-записи домена в NSLookUp
:
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| nslookup -type=mx example.com
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Результат запроса:
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| nslookup -type=mx google.com
Server: gw1.lan
Address: 10.1.0.1
Non-authoritative answer:
google.com MX preference = 10, mail exchanger = smtp.google.com
smtp.google.com internet address = 173.194.221.27
smtp.google.com internet address = 173.194.222.27
smtp.google.com internet address = 173.194.222.26
smtp.google.com internet address = 74.125.205.27
smtp.google.com internet address = 173.194.220.26
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Где:
google.com MX preference = 10, mail exchanger = smtp.google.com
- MX-запись домена google.com
.
Трассировка запросов к домену.
Получить информацию по трассировке запросов к домену в Dig
:
Результат запроса:
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| dig +trace google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.18.24-1-Debian <<>> +trace google.com
;; global options: +cmd
. 86400 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 86400 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
;; Received 824 bytes from 172.16.18.22#53(172.16.18.22) in 4 ms
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
com. 86400 IN DS 19718 13 2 8ACBB0CD28F41250A80A491389424D341522D946B0DA0C0291F2D3D7 71D7805A
com. 86400 IN RRSIG DS 8 1 86400 20240428050000 20240415040000 5613 . B5vi45DiEHj1RSe0d4ZMvighZNLSPj6ORov+tN+g4MASLSudADHgjP9i 32HBqh6IyFeK8aIR3Jvuvk61Z+2Z0oKjX6rUisVxf9RcQ3/uYZEBYUlp JD32jNFY1qFXRfWiijTFhq8detfDVvczcwv0v6Lln0fcRIYDnzgHkqQV 38LonWnfWLuOOjt6drrmsc6NqMvzBNM62ctqdajOd1SYFduk5JadzLZa YhUooeLpfTNmBQtPjsrZeXVE9UUpLrOVW9Up3NV+kfusBCG5iBkepw/p daza94/0N5Q2xqTVCoHHUnaPmdZwp78AsLdpeJ347OyJQ/gO+pIz8WYT aNi7FA==
;; Received 1170 bytes from 193.0.14.129#53(k.root-servers.net) in 68 ms
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.google.com.
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.google.com.
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.google.com.
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.google.com.
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - CK0Q2D6NI4I7EQH8NA30NS61O48UL8G5 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 13 2 86400 20240422042504 20240415031504 4534 com. ecgUBNoIjF0/2NK5qbLLoESdr1gCp2UQeruasASkce/2OC1+tbNorpx2 zr2HsO8bFW7BEvnN11MdmPyQBU3Csg==
S84BKCIBC38P58340AKVNFN5KR9O59QC.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - S84BR9CIB2A20L3ETR1M2415ENPP99L8 NS DS RRSIG
S84BKCIBC38P58340AKVNFN5KR9O59QC.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 13 2 86400 20240419042537 20240412031537 4534 com. 5lFoSTkTYKY8oMvoj3TJbMvg72dB8RNZ3hvC5xkh9u6iZtqSZS+7bjJH nVL6cstRpACJKNLpTaWmI1NE9WsPWg==
;; Received 644 bytes from 192.42.93.30#53(g.gtld-servers.net) in 44 ms
google.com. 300 IN A 74.125.131.139
google.com. 300 IN A 74.125.131.102
google.com. 300 IN A 74.125.131.100
google.com. 300 IN A 74.125.131.113
google.com. 300 IN A 74.125.131.138
google.com. 300 IN A 74.125.131.101
;; Received 135 bytes from 216.239.36.10#53(ns3.google.com) in 20 ms
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Получить информацию по трассировке запросов к домену в Drill
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Результат запроса:
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| drill -T google.com
. 518400 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 518400 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.google.com.
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.google.com.
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.google.com.
google.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.google.com.
google.com. 300 IN A 108.177.14.139
google.com. 300 IN A 108.177.14.102
google.com. 300 IN A 108.177.14.138
google.com. 300 IN A 108.177.14.100
google.com. 300 IN A 108.177.14.101
google.com. 300 IN A 108.177.14.113
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Получить информацию по PTR-записи домена в Dig
:
Результат запроса:
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| dig -x 108.177.14.100
; <<>> DiG 9.18.24-1-Debian <<>> -x 108.177.14.100
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 649
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4000
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;100.14.177.108.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
100.14.177.108.in-addr.arpa. 815 IN PTR lt-in-f100.1e100.net.
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 172.16.18.22#53(172.16.18.22) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 15 09:21:53 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 90
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Получить информацию по PTR-записи домена в Drill
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Результат запроса:
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| drill -x 108.177.14.100
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, rcode: NOERROR, id: 55533
;; flags: qr rd ra ; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;; 100.14.177.108.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
100.14.177.108.in-addr.arpa. 14366 IN PTR lt-in-f100.1e100.net.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
;; Query time: 3 msec
;; SERVER: 10.1.0.1
;; WHEN: Wed Mar 27 17:44:49 2024
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 79
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Получить информацию по PTR-записи домена в NSLookUp
:
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| nslookup -debug IP_ADDRESS
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Результат запроса:
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| nslookup -debug 108.177.14.100
------------
Got answer:
HEADER:
opcode = QUERY, id = 1, rcode = NOERROR
header flags: response, want recursion, recursion avail.
questions = 1, answers = 1, authority records = 0, additional = 1
QUESTIONS:
1.0.1.10.in-addr.arpa, type = PTR, class = IN
ANSWERS:
-> 1.0.1.10.in-addr.arpa
name = gw1.lan
ttl = 86400 (1 day)
ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
-> gw1.lan
internet address = 10.1.0.1
ttl = 86400 (1 day)
------------
Server: gw1.lan
Address: 10.1.0.1
------------
Got answer:
HEADER:
opcode = QUERY, id = 2, rcode = NOERROR
header flags: response, want recursion, recursion avail.
questions = 1, answers = 1, authority records = 0, additional = 0
QUESTIONS:
100.14.177.108.in-addr.arpa, type = PTR, class = IN
ANSWERS:
-> 100.14.177.108.in-addr.arpa
name = lt-in-f100.1e100.net
ttl = 14305 (3 hours 58 mins 25 secs)
------------
Name: lt-in-f100.1e100.net
Address: 108.177.14.100
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